“有意义的学习” 概念
- involves understanding how all the pieces of an entire concept fit together.
- stays with students for life
- active, constructive and long-lasting
- allow students to fully engaged in the learning process
- Two important goals : Retention and Transfer
- Retention: ability to remember the material at a later time
- Transfer: ability to use prior knowledge to solve new problems
- 主动的(可操作的、关注的):有意义的学习需要学习者积极地参与有意义的任务(不仅仅是敲击空格键继续下一步)、处理他们所处环境中的事物和参数,并观察他们操作的结果。
- 构建的(清楚表述的、反思的):学习者刚开始会建构一些用于解释世界的简单的心智模型,随着经验的增长和来自周围的帮助、支持,以及更多的反思,他们的心智模型逐渐地复杂起来。越复杂的模型越能使他们对观察到的现象推理得更贴切、更丰富。
- 有意图的(反思的、调整的):出于自愿积极地为达成某种认知目标而努力时,他们思考、学习更多的是为了达到该目标。
- 真实的(复杂的、情境的):我们需要在真实的、有用的情境中教授知识和技能并给学生提供新的、不同的情境练习使用这些理念,
- 合作的(合作的、对话的):仅仅依赖独立学习会使学习者难以形成更自然、更具生产力的思维模式
”有意义的学习“的概念开始被着重,更多人开始提倡消除填鸭式的教育。可是要很小心的一步步进行改革!
在尚未了解的状况下,一味的批评、判断某教育集团的指导方式,是无知的作风。
我听见很多人批评某家教育集团的教导方式;重复的习题是填鸭式,过分注重结果等等。往往下结论的人,我都会先了解他们对教育的观点与定义。然后,再问他们有否真正理解这家教育集团的整个课程?
结果,大家都可以很理论化的告诉我要进行 “有意义的学习”概念,或是不该墨守成规在填鸭式的教导。但是对于哪家教育集团的课程,几乎都是零。只看到眼前,就断章取义。这样是无法判断课程的最终目标类属那种学习模式。
所以,了解 Rote Learning, Meaningful Learning 和 Muscle Memory等等相关咨询同时,观察以及了解一个课程,也是非常中重要的。
The concept of meaningful learning is getting well known, more and more people to promote the elimination of Rote learning in the education system. But not to be too aggressive in transforming, every revolution needs patient!
A lot of people around me conclude and criticize on certain education groups; that they are too much of cramming/rote learning, deter the student's imagination and etc. Normally, I will first to understand their definition of education and learning method, then follow by questioning how depth they understand the entire syllabus from the education group.
Everyone can answer me the first question on learning method theoretically, but understanding of the syllabus is only at the surface. Please don't judge a book by it covers!
Besides of gaining knowledge on different type of learning, it is important to observe and understand the holistic objective of a syllabus.
对于各种不同的学习概念,我经验尚浅。处于学习当中,不过我认为,没有一个统一的方法可以走天下。多学习几种方法来应付变幻无穷的环境。“有意义的学习”概念是需要很多的努力、毅力与耐心,教育家的准备功夫亦需不断提升、增值。
所以,问题再次回到家长、学生以及老师,你认为教育是什么?
In my humble opinion, there is no one method apply to all. We need to have few methods and apply according to various situation. Meaningful learning requires a lot of effort from the educator, therefore, the question seems to throw the balls back to the parent, student and teacher. What is education to you?
Reference:
1) The difference between Rote learning and Meaningful learning
https://www.oxfordlearning.com/difference-rote-learning-meaningful-learning/
2)
What's Meaningful Learning?&什么是有意义的学习?
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_625468100100f79q.html